የጥበቃ እና መዝናኛ መምሪያ መጠበቅ. መከላከል. መደሰት.
የጥበቃ እና መዝናኛ መምሪያ 
ማውጫማውንቴን / ፒዬድሞንት ሴፔጅ ስዋምፕስ
ይህ የጠገበ፣ በደን የተሸፈነ ረግረጋማ መሬት፣ የከርሰ ምድር ውሃ ከዳገት ግርጌ በሚወጣበት በሸለቆዎች እና በጅረት ግርጌዎች ውስጥ በቀስታ ተንሸራታች የጅረት ውሃዎች፣ ትላልቅ የፀደይ ሴፕስ እና የጎን ቦታዎችን ይይዛል። እነዚህ ማህበረሰቦች ከዝቅተኛው ከፍታዎች እስከ 1200 ሜትር (4 ፣ 000 ጫማ ) በምዕራብ ቨርጂኒያ ውስጥ በአካባቢው ተበታትነዋል። መኖሪያ ቤቶች በተለምዶ hummock-እና-ሆሎው ማይክሮ ቶፖግራፊ አላቸው፣ከድንጋያማ፣ከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከከ take zatan tantata zata'' አለው። የተጠለፉ የሴፕስ እና የጅረት ሰርጦች; በሻጋማ የተሸፈኑ ጉብታዎች; እና ሙክ-የተሞሉ የመንፈስ ጭንቀት. ከሀይድሮሎጂ አንጻር እነዚህ መኖሪያ ቦታዎች እንደ "የከርሰ ምድር ውሃ ተዳፋት ረግረጋማ ቦታዎች" ተመድበዋል። ከተወሰኑ የተፋሰስ እርጥብ መሬቶች የሚለያዩት በከርሰ ምድር ውሃ በጥብቅ ከተሞሉ እና በተወሰነ መልኩ ተመሳሳይ እፅዋትን ይደግፋሉ (ለበለጠ መረጃ የሞንታኔ ዲፕሬሽን ረግረጋማ እና ኩሬዎች የስነምህዳር ቡድን መግለጫ ይመልከቱ)። ስድስቱ የማህበረሰብ ዓይነቶች ከአፈር እና የከርሰ ምድር ውሃ ኬሚስትሪ ፣ ከፍታ እና ጂኦግራፊ ጋር ይለያያሉ።
The Central Appalachian Basic Seepage Swamp occurs at elevations up to 975 m (3,200 ft) in areas underlain by metabasalt (greenstone) and other mafic rocks, base-rich granitic rocks, calcareous shale, and limestone. The type is most common on the northern Blue Ridge but is found occasionally in the Ridge and Valley province, and rarely in the western Piedmont. Soils range from strongly acidic to circumneutral, with moderately high calcium and magnesium levels. Overstory composition is mixed, with variable combinations of red maple (Acer rubrum), white ash (Fraxinus americana), black ash (Fraxinus nigra), tulip-tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), and sweet birch (Betula lenta var. lenta). Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) is an important tree at some sites. Spicebush (Lindera benzoin var. benzoin) is usually the most abundant shrub. Herbaceous cover is typically lush, and often features patch-dominance of skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus), American false-hellebore (Veratrum viride), and/or sedges (especially Carex bromoides ssp. bromoides and Carex prasina). Additional characteristic herbs include marsh marigold (Caltha palustris var. palustris), golden saxifrage (Chrysosplenium americanum), swamp saxifrage (Micranthes pensylvanica), lettuce saxifrage (Micranthes micranthidifolia), marsh blue violet (Viola cucullata), golden ragwort (Packera aurea), orange jewelweed (Impatiens capensis), water-hemlock (Cicuta maculata var. maculata), large purple fringed orchid (Platanthera grandiflora), and various ferns. Most Virginia populations of the globally rare plants bog bluegrass (Poa paludigena) and glade spurge (Euphorbia purpurea), as well as of the globally rare Blue Ridge Mountain amphipod (Stygobromus spinosus), are associated with these basic-soil swamps.
Acidic analogues of the preceding type occur in the same region on soils weathered from sandstone, quartzite, or base-poor granitic rocks. Abundant Sphagnum mats and groundwater with low pH are typical habitat features. Soils are very strongly to extremely acidic, with low base status. Composition is variable over the range of this group. Red maple (Acer rubrum), blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), and tulip-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), are the most typical trees, while winterberry (Ilex verticillata), swamp azalea (Rhododendron viscosum var. viscosum), highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum and Vaccinium fuscatum) are abundant shrubs. Pitch pine (Pinus rigida) is a characteristic tree of some Ridge and Valley stands. Skunk-cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus) and American false-hellebore (Veratrum viride) may be as dominant in these communities as in Mountain / Piedmont Basic Seepage Swamps; herbs and low shrubs more abundant in or characteristic of acidic swamps include cinnamon fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum), bristly dewberry (Rubus hispidus), kidneyleaf grass-of-parnassus (Parnassia asarifolia), yellow fringed orchid (Platanthera ciliaris) small green wood orchid (Platanthera clavellata), common tree clubmoss (Lycopodium obscurum), white-edged sedge (Carex debilis), and long sedge (Carex folliculata). Like the very similar Coastal Plain / Piedmont Acidic Seepage Swamps, these communities support populations of the federally listed swamp-pink (Helonias bullata).
Seepage swamps above 975 m (3,200 ft) elevation are compositionally allied with more northern vegetation types. Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), and red maple (Acer rubrum) are the most common trees. Locally, red spruce (Picea rubens) or eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) may be co-dominants. Shrub layer composition and density is variable; deciduous hollies (Ilex verticillata and Ilex montana), several blueberries (particularly Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium simulatum, and Vaccinium angustifolium), great rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum), mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), speckled alder (Alnus rugosa), and witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana var. virginiana) may be abundant. Characteristic herbs of these swamps include marsh marigold (Caltha palustris var. palustris), star sedge (Carex echinata ssp. echinata), finely-nerved sedge (Carex leptonervia), eastern rough sedge (Carex scabrata), three-seeded sedge (Carex trisperma), slender wood reedgrass (Cinna latifolia), tall flat-topped white aster (Doellingeria umbellata var. umbellata), spinulose wood fern (Dryopteris carthusiana), slender mannagrass (Glyceria melicaria), whorled wood aster (Oclemena acuminata), cinnamon fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum), American false-hellebore (Veratrum viride), and smooth white violet (Viola mackloskeyi var. pallens). Communities in this group are naturally rare due to the scarcity of flat or gentle, wet habitats in the higher Appalachians.
ሁሉም የተንቆጠቆጡ ረግረጋማ ቦታዎች ለሃይድሮሎጂካል ረብሻዎች የተጋለጡ ትናንሽ-የተጣበቁ ማህበረሰቦች ናቸው። ቢቨሮች የእነዚህን ረግረጋማ ምሳሌዎች በከፊል በተለያዩ ቦታዎች አጥፍተዋል፣ እና የብዙ መቆሚያዎች ታማኝነት በ hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) በተከሰተ ወረርሽኝ ምክንያት በሰፊው ሄሞክ ሞት ተጎድቷል። በአሁኑ ጊዜ፣ የማዕከላዊ አፓላቺያን መሰረታዊ የዝርፊያ ስዋምፕ የተትረፈረፈ አመድ ክፍል በኢመራልድ አሽ ቦረር ወረርሽኝ ከፍተኛ ሞት እየተሰቃየ ነው።
ማጣቀሻዎች፡- አላርድ እና ሊዮናርድ (1943)፣ ካር (1939)፣ ፍሌሚንግ (1999)፣ ፍሌሚንግ (2002ለ)፣ ፍሌሚንግ እና ቫን አልስቲን (1990 ፣ ፍሌሚንግ እና ኩሊንግ (2001)፣ ሬዊንስኪ እና ሌሎች (1994)፣ ራዊንስኪ እና ሌሎች (1996)።የዚህን የስነምህዳር ማህበረሰብ ቡድን ተጨማሪ ፎቶዎች ለማግኘት እዚህ ጠቅ ያድርጉ ።
© DCR-DNH, ጋሪ ፒ. ፍሌሚንግ.
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